Rheumatoid arthritis
RA
Autoimmune conditionThe immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing painful swelling that can damage cartilage and bone if untreated.
For education only — this guide can't diagnose you. If these signs sound familiar, talk with a healthcare provider. Book a consult
What happens
The inflamed joint lining thickens and releases substances that wear away cartilage and bone. RA usually affects the same joints on both sides of the body, often starting in the hands, wrists, and feet. It's a whole-body disease that can also affect the eyes, lungs, and blood vessels.
Who gets it
RA is two to three times more common in women and often starts between 30 and 60. Smoking and family history raise the risk.
Signs worth getting checked
- Pain, swelling, and warmth in the hands, wrists, or feet
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- The same joints affected on both sides
- Fatigue or a low-grade fever
- Firm lumps under the skin near joints
- Dry eyes and mouth
Labs to ask about
- Rheumatoid factor (RF)
- Anti-CCP antibodies
- ESR and CRP (inflammation markers)
- Complete blood count
- X-ray or ultrasound of the hands and feet
Treatments your doctor may discuss
- Disease-modifying medicines such as methotrexate, started early to prevent joint damage
- Biologic or targeted medicines
- Short courses of steroids or anti-inflammatories for flares
- Physical and occupational therapy
Supportive steps to discuss with your provider
- Get evaluated early. Joint damage can start within the first year.
- Stop smoking.
- Mediterranean-style eating, and omega-3s, may modestly ease joint pain.
- Keep moving with gentle exercise and strength training.
- Check vitamin D and bone health.
See a doctor promptly if you have
- Joint swelling that lasts more than 6 weeks
- Morning stiffness that lasts more than 30 minutes
- A single hot, very swollen joint with fever: get same-day care (possible infection)
- Shortness of breath or a persistent dry cough
Related conditions
Ready to find the root cause?
Dr. Lesher is a Naturopathic Doctor who focuses on autoimmune and chronic conditions in women. Since 2020, she's helped hundreds of patients stop managing symptoms and start healing.